During the last centuries, scientific and technologic growth have been the predominant dynamic element of economic and social history of mankind, generating what is known as a knowledge based economy [1].
Today’s economy is different than that of the XX century, in which knowledge constitutes the main production input, and where information and communication technologies are instruments for the transmition of information and coding of knowledge. Nowadays, developed economies are based in the abilities of all sectors (citizens, government, academy, private sector, etc.) to manipulate and transmit information to all human activities [2].
On an economic level, countries compete through different strategies. Low income countries compete in offering low prices; mid-income level countries compete by offering quality in their products and services, and developed countries compete in innovation. Innovation is considered the master key for businesses’ success, whether it is an agricultural, manufacturer or services company, and thus for an economy’s maintained growth [3].
Developing nations, such as Costa Rica, face the great challenge of moving quickly towards a developed state, distinguished by an innovative economy framed by the development of a knowledge based economy.
In Costa Rica, the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector is made up of 600 enterprises, of which 350 offer direct services, 150 are development centers, 50 offer enabled services and 35 are component manufacturers. This classification is based in the offered products and services [4]:
- Components: This classification includes enterprises with design, manufacturing, assembly, ICT hardware sales (for PC, phones, networking devices, etc.).
- Software Products: Enterprises dedicated to development and commercialization of standardized software applications, designed for a specific sector, organizations or individuals.
- Direct ICT services: This sector includes enterprises that give consultant services, trainings, customized software development, systems integration, or any service related to the implementation or maintenance of information systems.
- Services enabled by ICT: Such enterprises offer services that are not directly related to the regular direct ICT services, but they are delivered through networks and computers.
It is important to hightlight that the ICT sector enterprises are classified in the K group called “real estate, managerial activities and of rent”; in addition, the group “services” can be considered an industrial sector since it refers to the service industry. This peculiarity in its definition causes a certain invisibility of the ICT sector that makes difficult its characterization and measurement on a national level.
[1] MONGE, R & HEWITT, J. 2006. Los Costarricenses en la economía basada en el conocimiento: Infraestructura, destrezas, uso y acceso a las TICs. 1 ed. San José, C.R.
[2] MONGE, R & HEWITT, J. 2004. Tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (TICs) y el futuro desarrollo de Costa Rica: el desafío de la exclusión. San José, C. R.
[3] MIPYME. 2005. Desarrollo de la MIPYME, políticas de apoyo y CAFTA. FUNDES.
[4] CAMTIC. 2008. IT Sector.